{"product_id":"s100-a4-rabbit-monoclonal-antibody-mb66384","title":"S100-A4 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody-MB66384","description":"\u003cp\u003eS100-A4 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSizes: 50µl, 100µl\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCatalogue Numbers: MB66384-50, MB66384-100\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eProduct: Liquid in 50mM Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 0.15M NaCl, 50% Glycerol, 0.01% Sodium azide and 0.05% BSA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSwiss-Prot: P26447\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eHost: Rabbit\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eReactivity: Human\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eApplications: WB, IHC, IF\/ICC, IP,\u003c\/p\u003e \n\n\u003cp\u003eAll Applications: WB (1\/500 - 1\/1000), IHC (1\/50 - 1\/100), IF\/ICC (1\/50 - 1\/100), IP (1\/10 - 1\/50)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBackground: Despite their relatively small size (8-12 kDa) and uncomplicated architecture, S100 proteins regulate a variety of cellular processes, such as cell growth and motility, cell cycle progression, transcription, and differentiation. To date, 25 members have been identified, including S100A1-S100A18, trichohyalin, filaggrin, repetin, S100P, and S100Z, making it the largest group in the EF-hand, calcium-binding protein family. Interestingly, 14 S100 genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q21, a region of genomic instability. Research studies have demonstrated that significant correlation exists between aberrant S100 protein expression and cancer progression. S100 proteins primarily mediate immune responses in various tissue types but are also involved in neuronal development .Each S100 monomer bears two EF-hand motifs and can bind up to two molecules of calcium (or other divalent cation in some instances). Structural evidence shows that S100 proteins form antiparallel homo- or heterodimers that coordinate binding partner proximity in a calcium-dependent (and sometimes calcium-independent) manner. Although structurally and functionally similar, individual members show restricted tissue distribution, are localized in specific cellular compartments, and display unique protein binding partners, which suggests that each plays a specific role in various signaling pathways. In addition to an intracellular role, some S100 proteins have been shown to act as receptors for extracellular ligands or are secreted and exhibit cytokine-like activities.Research studies have shown that S100A4 is overexpressed in highly metastatic cancers, which makes it useful as a marker of tumor progression  and may serve as a prognostic factor in several cancer types . S100A4 exerts its function via direct interaction with a number of proteins including P53, P63, nonmuscle myosin IIA, α6β4 integrin, and liprin b1 . S100A4 is present in the nucleus, cytoplasm and extracellular space. Intracellular and extracellular S100A4 both promote cell migration via interaction with different proteins. Researchers have recently discovered that S100A4 also functions as a neuroprotectant in the peripheral nervous system .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePurification and Purity: The antibody was purified by immunogen affinity chromatography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eStorage and Stability: Store at 4°C short term. Aliquot and store at -20°C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpecificity: Recognizes endogenous levels of S100-A4 protein.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBioworld Molecular Weight: ~ 12 kDa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNote: For research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eExtra Notes: Western blot analysis of S100-A4 expression in Hela (A) whole cell lysates., Immunohistochemical analysis of S100-A4 staining in human lung cancer formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue section. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.86). The section was then incubated with the antibody at room temperature and detected using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. The section was then counterstained with haematoxylin and mounted with DPX., Immunofluorescent analysis of S100-A4 staining in HeLa cells. Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with the primary antibody in 3% BSA-PBS and incubated overnight at 4 °C in a hidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a AF488-conjugated secondary antibody (green) in PBS at room temperature in the dark.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlternative Name: CAPL; MTS1; Protein S100-A4; Calvasculin; Metastasin; Placental calcium-binding protein; Protein Mts1; S100 calcium-binding protein A4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen: A synthetic peptide of human S100A4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eConjugate: Unconjugated\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eModification: Unmodified\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BioWorld","offers":[{"title":"50µl","offer_id":42989599588531,"sku":"MB66384-50","price":260.23,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100µl","offer_id":42989599621299,"sku":"MB66384-100","price":452.94,"currency_code":"CAD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0305\/9482\/6376\/products\/thumbnail_d1447bac803ec9be_11-14-09-19-51_7a70e0d4-63ce-433b-876f-e233ee165e8c.jpg?v=1706096060","url":"https:\/\/afsbio.com\/products\/s100-a4-rabbit-monoclonal-antibody-mb66384","provider":"AFSBio Inc.","version":"1.0","type":"link"}