List of Tests Available (Human):

List of Tests Available (Veterinary):

In North America, all tests are classified for research use only (RUO).

While all tests of the Panel Carratelli can be used on standard photometers, some of them can be used on microplate readers or automatic analysers. As an alternative it's possible to run the assays with the dedicated FREE systems (FREE Carpe Diem and FREE DUO). As with all the products developed by Mauro Carratelli, the ease of use combined with the reliability of the system is the focus.

Pro-oxidant status evaluation

d-ROMS test:

Evaluates: the free alcohol and hydroperoxyl radicals derived from hydroperoxides present in the sample. The acronym d-ROMs stands for derivates of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites.

Matrix: Serum or Heparinized plasma fresh or frozen

Sector of application: Human and Veterinary

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers, multiple analysers, microplate readers

LP-CHOLOX Test:

Used for: the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and, specifically, of atherosclerosis damage.

Evaluates: the level of lipid peroxides in circulation and, in particular, of oxidized cholesterol

Matrix: Serum or plasma, fresh or frozen

Sector of application: Human and Veterinary

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers

MAC Test:

Used to: monitor the correct balance between acidity and alkalinity of blood to prevent tissue damage caused by free radicals.

Matrix: fresh whole blood

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers

URIN-OX Test:

Used to: evaluate the inflammatory status of the prostate and urinary tract 

Evaluates: the peroxidized compounds in urine

Matrix: fresh urine

Sector of application: Human and Veterinary

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers

INDICAN:

Sector of application: Human

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers and micro-plate readers

LP SPERM TEST:

Used for: the treatment of masculine infertility and to identify prostatic inflammatory status

Evaluates: the peroxidation status of sperm

Matrix: sperm liquid, nemasperm, fresh spermatic plasma

Sector of application: Human and Veterinary

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers

LIPOTISS:

Used to: assess, through tissues, the oxidative state of organisms in which it is not possible to take biological liquids. Main uses in ecological and veterinary research laboratories.

Evaluates: the peroxidation status of tissue 

Matrix: fresh or frozen tissue extracts

Sector of application: Human and Veterinary

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers

LIPOCELL:

Used to: evaluate the oxidative state in cell line cultures. Mainly used in research laboratories.

Evaluates: the peroxidation status of cells

Matrix: fresh or frozen cells extracts

Sector of application: Human and Veterinary

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers

ROSA TEST:

Used to: measure an inflammatory condition resulting from a bacterial infection of the oral cavity, pharynx or stomach.

Evaluates: the presence of nitric oxide (a radical reactive nitrogen species) in saliva

Matrix: saliva

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Qualitative Test: does not require Instrumentation

Antioxidant Status Evaluation

BAP Test:

Used to: evaluate the state of antioxidant defenses and/or the effectiveness of specific antioxidant treatments.

Evaluates: the chemically active antioxidant capacity (scavengers) of the plasma barrier. In particular, this includes antioxidants both of exogenous nature (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) and of endogenous nature (uric acid, bilirubin and albumin).

Matrix: Serum or Heparinized plasma, fresh or frozen

Sector of application: Human and Veterinary

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers, multiple analysers, microplate readers

OXY-ADSORBENT TEST:

Used to: evaluate the state of antioxidant defenses and/or the effectiveness of specific antioxidant treatments. Very useful in the veterinary research field.

Evaluates: the total antioxidant barrier understood as the whole of the chemically active capacity (scavengers) and the plasmatic structural component such as mucopolysaccharides, amino acids and proteins (shock adsorbers).

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers, microplate readers

-SHP TEST:

Used to: detect conditions lacking thiolic antioxidants and in monitoring the effectiveness of formulations based on active ingredients containing sulfhydryl groups.

Evaluates: the measurement of thiol groups (lipoic acid, glutathione, cysteine) which represent a qualitatively significant component of the plasma antioxidant barrier since they oppose the propagation phase of the radical processes.

Matrix: Serum or plasma fresh

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems, manual photometers, microplate readers

ANTI-ROMS TEST:

Used to: evaluate the state of antioxidant defenses and/or the effectiveness of specific antioxidant treatments. It can be used to monitor the effectiveness of food and/or antioxidant formulations.

Evaluates: the plasma antioxidant barrier with two distinct results: rapid exogenous antioxidants such as Vitamin C and Vitamin E and slow endogenous antioxidants such as uric acid, thiol groups and polyphenols.

Matrix: Serum or Heparinized plasma, fresh

Sector of application: Human, Veterinary and Agri-food

IVD/RUO: For Research Use Only (RUO)

Instrumentation: FREE Systems

Control Serum

The Panel Carratelli includes the calibrator and the lyophilized control sera (high and low) useful for calibration on laboratory Instrumentation.

GENERAL INFORMATION

WHAT IS OXIDATIVE STRESS

Oxidative stress in a living organism is a chemical condition in which oxidative species overcome antioxidant systems due to an imbalance between the two parts. The oxidizing species, among which the free radicals stand out, perform important functions such as the elimination of pathogenic bacteria, the regulation of arterial pressure, and the transmission of signals. When free radicals are in excess, they can alter the normal functioning of vitals molecules, leading to cell and tissue damage. If this damage it is not promptly repaired, it will facilitate the appearance or accelerate the progression of very common diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's dementia, diabetes, certain types of cancer and other pathologies.

Furthermore, an increase in free radicals promotes premature aging of the organism. Among the causes of oxidative stress are environmental pollution, incorrect diet, inadequate exercise, chronic medication intake, untreated inflammatory states, smoking, and alcohol abuse.

MEASURING OXIDATIVE STRESS

As oxidative stress does not exhibit specific clinical manifestation, it can be identified only if the clinician suspects its presence and suggests the patient go to a laboratory to run a blood test.

Depending on the clinical situation, the clinician can request one or more Panel Carratelli test(s). For a comprehensive oxidative balance evaluation, the d-ROMs Test will be needed for the evaluation of pro-oxidant status linked to one of the parameters related to the antioxidant potential (BAP Test, OXY-Adsorbent Test, -SHp Test and anti-ROMs Test).

A condition of oxidative stress will be indicated by an increase of d-ROMs values and/or a decrease of BAP Test or OXY-Adsorbent Test or -SHp Test or anti-ROMs Test values.

The results of these exams lead to an extremely accurate and reliable clinical diagnosis of oxidative stress, where the two opposite parameters (pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant) can be evaluated individually. This allows the real-time picture of the causes of oxidative stress, the increased production of free radicals or a reduced capacity of the antioxidant barrier. Antioxidant therapy monitoring can be based on solid fundamentals and not on a subjective idea.

WHO SHOULD MEASURE OXIDATIVE STRESS

Panel Carratelli tests are useful as a prevention diagnostic test as they provide an indication on the general well-being of the organism. For this reason, everyone should undergo an oxidative stress evaluation, even if in good health condition, as oxidative stress does not give rise to specific clinical manifestations. The tests are especially recommended if a person is:

• exposed to pro-oxidant factors (e.g. unhealthy lifestyle, pollutants in the workplace, etc..)
• undergoing specific treatments (e.g. dialysis, bypass, organ transplantation, pill, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc.)
• suffering from chronic degenerative diseases (e.g. diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, etc..)

HOW TO FIGHT OXIDATIVE STRESS

The treatment of oxidative stress requires the identification of the causes and the determinative mechanisms. If there is an increased production of free radicals, it is necessary to identify the primary metabolic source responsible and keep it under control (e.g. to reduce inflammation, to improve tissue perfusion, to reduce the burden of toxins, etc...). On the other hand, if the antioxidant defences are reduced, we must restore them through the most appropriate method (antioxidant-rich diet, regular and not excessive physical exercise, reduction of smoking, alcohol and stress). If the antioxidant deficiency cannot be restored by nutritional interventions, it is possible that specific supplementation is required and subsequently can be prescribed by a health professional.

For more information, or on how to include oxidative stress analysis in your research, please do not hesitate to contact us. 

*Note: In North America, the Panel Carratelli kits are for Research Use Only.